This article discusses the role of real estate as an asset class. It shows a few options for valuing and including it in your portfolio.

📚 Table of Contents

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• Is real-estate a part of your net worth or portfolio?
• Classification of the primary residence
• Classifying real estate as an asset class
• Asset rich cash poor
  • Portfolio without plot
  • Portfolio with plot
• Liquidity considerations with real estate
• Are there any thumb rules with asset allocation to retirement?
• What if there is excess investible surplus after primary goals are funded?
• How to include your property with a home loan in your portfolio?

Is real-estate a part of your net worth or portfolio?

Net worth = Assets owned - Outstanding loans

Real estate is always a part of your net worth. Calculating the net worth of your property, whether plot, residential or commercial, requires market price and any outstanding loan balance.

Net worth of real estate = Value of the property minus Any loan on the property

The property will be the market value (circle rate or above) minus selling costs like brokerage. If there is a home loan or loan-against-property, then the principal owned on that loan should be subtracted to get the net worth.

We will examine if real estate is to be a part of your investment portfolio and how much real estate should be there.

Classification of the primary residence

Many investors are still determining if they should include the value of their homes in their portfolios. Given that real estate is the most significant thing most people buy, it is normal to have this doubt. It gives a feeling of accomplishment and comfort to increase the networth by such a large number.

The primary residence has only one purpose: to give the investor’s family a place to live. Under normal circumstances, a family will not be willing to sell off their home and stay on rent. They will either upgrade or sell the older house. Alternatively, they might move to a rented house in a different location and put their old home on rent.

Additionally, the purpose of the investment portfolio is to fund goals like retirement, children’s education and others, as in the image above. Unless plans go drastically wrong, the family home will not be sold. If an investor has a portfolio of ₹1 crore and lives in a house of ₹1 crore, adding the house to the portfolio value will provide a misleading picture since the house is not for sale.

Therefore, we will exclude the primary residence from the investment portfolio.

Our discussion will therefore focus on investment real estate over and above the primary residence. Examples are flats, houses, plots and commercial real estate.

Classifying real estate as an asset class

Does real estate behave more like a stock or an FD?

Answering this question will allow us to understand which side of the risk/reward curve we should classify real estate. We know that real estate does not wildly fluctuate like stocks and instead tends to offer steady rental income and capital appreciation. These characteristics make real estate more of a debt asset class than equity.

Suppose you use the Arthgyaan goal-based investing calculator. In that case, you should enter real estate as a debt asset, as in the image above.

Asset rich cash poor

I will take this hypothetical example of a 30-year-old FIRE aspirant looking for a ₹6L/year (₹50,000/month in today’s money) lifestyle 15 years from now. They currently have ₹50 lakhs in assets like PPF, MF and FD. Additionally, they have an ancestral plot of land worth ₹1 crore.

They want to retire early at age 45 (15 years for now) and are expected to live until 85, i.e. 40 more years. The current expenses are ₹50,000/month, and there is ₹50,000/month available for investing.

We use the Arthgyaan Goal-based investing calculator to formulate the investment model with all the above assumptions and goals. There is a link to download a pre-filled copy of the Google sheet via the button below.

Important: You must be logged into your Google Account on a laptop/desktop (and not on a phone) to access the sheet.

Get the Sheet

Once you get your sheet, you can access video tutorials in the howto tab.

Portfolio without plot

In this example, the SIP required to reach the goal is ₹93,823, which is higher than the monthly available surplus. Therefore the goal is not achievable based on the currently held assets.

Portfolio with plot

If we add the plot to the portfolio, we see that

• the SIP amount is a manageable ₹44,793, which is possible with the current income and surplus available
• the plot needs to be sold and invested in equity. The asset allocation requires ₹89 lakhs to be invested in equity
• the remaining portfolio should be invested in suitable debt assets

Liquidity considerations with real estate

The case above is an excellent example of how liquidity and ticket size work in real estate. The plot has to be sold in its entirety to reach the required equity allocation. You cannot sell a half or quarter of a plot or apartment. You can sell parts of a house if it is modular, like allowing multiple floors with individual registration.

Liquidity is also an issue with real estate. You might not get the right price when you need the money. If you need cash immediately, you might have to take the distress sale route, where the money you get will be even less.

Are there any thumb rules with asset allocation to retirement?

Are there rules like 20% of a portfolio can go to real estate?

Real estate is another asset class, just like equity, debt and gold. There should be some allocation to real estate with some caveats:

• real estate is difficult to value and exit since you may not get the right price all the time
• real estate is not diversified: you will buy one plot, house or apartment. You cannot buy 1% in 100 different properties nationwide. We do have REITs now in India, and those offer fractional ownership, diversification and professional management

You can keep things more uncomplicated by assuming that:

• real estate is a debt asset
• exclude your permanent residence from your portfolio
• add investment real estate to your portfolio as per your asset allocation

What if there is excess investible surplus after primary goals are funded?

You can fund a property by paying just 1% of the value per month for investment purpose. If you rent that out, you will get full tax benefits on the loan as well: How to Buy Your Dream Home Without Any Savings: A Step-by-Step Guide

How to include your property with a home loan in your portfolio?

The second part of this article deals with adding your investment properties to your portfolio:

How to include your property with a home loan in your portfolio?