What minimum salary should I ask for when job searching abroad?

When job searching abroad, you should ask for a salary that ensures at least the same quality of life as in your home country, adjusted for purchasing power parity. For instance, if earning ₹10 lakhs in India, the equivalent PPP-adjusted salary in the US would be about $41,564.

Is the PPP the same as the Big Mac index?

No, PPP is not the same as the Big Mac index. While both measure purchasing power across countries, the Big Mac index is a more informal measure that uses the price of a McDonald’s Big Mac as the benchmark, while PPP uses a broad range of goods and services.

What are the implications of PPP for IIT/IIM students receiving high international packages?

For IIT/IIM students receiving high international packages, PPP can provide a more accurate measure of the real value of their salaries in terms of purchasing power rather than just converting the amount using current exchange rates. It adjusts for the cost of living differences between countries.

What are the caveats of using PPP for determining expat salaries?

The caveats of using PPP include its reliance on average data that may not reflect individual circumstances such as personal consumption patterns, regional price differences within a country, and variations in taxes and benefits. It’s crucial to consider personal and local factors when using PPP to determine expat salaries.

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Calculating Minimum Salaries for Indian Expats Looking to Shift Abroad

Q: What is purchasing power parity (PPP)?

Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a method of measuring the relative purchasing power of different countries’ currencies over the same types of goods and services, thereby allowing a more accurate comparison of living standards. It involves comparing the prices of a standard set of goods and services between countries to determine the relative value of the currencies.

Q: What are the PPP factor tables?

PPP factor tables provide the relative currency conversion rates that equalize the purchasing power of different currencies by accounting for price level differences between countries. For example, the PPP factor for the USD to INR is 24.0595, which means a good that costs $1 in the US would require ₹24.0595 in India to purchase the same good.

Posted on 10 Sep 2023
Author: Sayan Sircar

Tags: NRI

9 mins read
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Discover how expats can secure the right salary abroad to get a better than India lifestyle using the concept of purchasing parity.

Calculating Minimum Salaries for Indian Expats Looking to Shift Abroad

📚 Topics covered:

Introduction
What is purchasing power parity (PPP)?
What are the PPP factor tables that we need to use?
What minimum salary should you ask for when job searching aboard?
Is PPP the same as the Big Mac index?
What about IIT / IIM students who get 1 crore+ international packages?
What are the caveats for using PPP to figure out expat salaries?

Introduction

A lot of people who are looking for a job abroad, either by themselves or via inter-company transfer, often wish to understand what should be the salary in the foreign country. Apart from job market trends that determine overall salaries in a field, there has to be a universal method of comparing prices across countries to understand the minimum salary needed to at least have the same quality of life as in India. This method exists and is called Purchasing power parity (PPP).

What is purchasing power parity (PPP)?

Here is a quick explainer of the concept:

🤖 Explainer: Purchasing power parities (PPP)

Purchasing power parities (PPPs) are the rates of currency conversion that try to equalise the purchasing power of different currencies, by eliminating the differences in price levels between countries. The basket of goods and services priced is a sample of all those that are part of final expenditures: final consumption of households and government, fixed capital formation, and net exports. This indicator is measured in terms of national currency per US dollar.
Source: OECD website

PPP therefore compares the prices in different countries for a certain basket of goods and services e.g. food, housing, transportation etc. For example, if a family spends ₹50,000 a month in India and an equivalent family in the USA buys the same basket of stuff for $2,000, then the PPF-factor for USD is 25. You should now contrast this number against the USD/INR forex rate which is much higher at 80+ per dollar. Therefore, if you are earning ₹10 lakhs in India, the equivalent PPP-adjusted salary in the US is $40,000 found by dividing the India salary by the PPP-factor and not by the exchange rate. If you are looking for a job abroad in the US, then a package of more than $40,000/year should make you better off than in India.

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What are the PPP factor tables that we need to use?

The table shows the PPP data for 2022.

Country	PPP Factor ($)	PPP Factor (₹)
Australia	1.4193	16.95
Belgium	0.7241	33.23
Canada	1.2250	19.64
China	4.0219	5.98
Denmark	6.4047	3.76
Euro Area	0.6851	35.12
Finland	0.8130	29.59
France	0.7010	34.32
Germany	0.7283	33.03
India	24.0595	1.00
Ireland	0.7785	30.90
Netherlands	0.7641	31.49
New Zealand	1.4644	16.43
Saudi Arabia	1.5800	15.23
Singapore	0.9900	24.30
Spain	0.6082	39.56
Sweden	8.7508	2.75
Switzerland	1.0520	22.87
UAE	2.4600	9.78
United Kingdom	0.6813	35.32
United States	1.0000	24.06

Sources:

https://data.oecd.org/conversion/purchasing-power-parities-ppp.htm
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.PRVT.PP

The OECD link above gives the PPP-factor for USD in INR to be 24.0595. This means that a $100,000 salary in the US is equivalent to ₹24.06 lakhs in India in PPP terms.

Similarly, for UK, the PPP-factor for USD in GBP is 0.6813. We divide the USDINR rate of 24.0595 with this figure to get the GBP in INR PPP-factor as 35.32. So, a £100,000 salary is equivalent to ₹35.32 lakhs in India in PPP terms.

If we had done the naive method of multiplying by the forex rate, we would have got

$100,000 is the same as ₹83 lakhs (taking USDINR rate = 83)
£100,000 is the same as ₹1 crore (taking GBPINR rate = 100)

To understand better about how to calculate NRI salaries and cost of living:

What minimum salary should you ask for when job searching aboard?

Let us assume that the current salary is ₹10 lakhs. If we take the USD PPP-factor to be 24.0595, the equivalent USD salary = 1000000 / 24.0595 = $41,564.

10 lakh ₹	in foreign ccy
Australia	58,990
Belgium	30,095
Canada	50,917
China	1,67,163
Denmark	2,66,203
Euro Area	28,474
Finland	33,793
France	29,136
Germany	30,271
India	10,00,000
Ireland	32,358
Netherlands	31,759
New Zealand	60,864
Saudi Arabia	65,671
Singapore	41,148
Spain	25,280
Sweden	3,63,717
Switzerland	43,723
UAE	1,02,247
United Kingdom	28,316
United States	41,564

The table shows the same calculation applied to other countries. Therefore for example, if you earn ₹15 lakhs today, and are looking for a job in Singapore, the salary you should target is at least S$ (41,148 * 15/10) = S$62,000. The comparison should be done using after-tax salaries.

Also read
How to invest your NPS corpus to get most returns in retirement?

Is PPP the same as the Big Mac index?

The Economist’s Big Mac Index is a humourous take on the PPP concept that uses the Big Mac of McDonald’s as the basket of goods and services to be compared in different countries. In India, the Big Mac is known as the Maharaja Mac. As per the Economist website,

A Big Mac costs 209 rupees in India and US$5.58 in the United States. The implied exchange rate is 37.46. The difference between this and the actual exchange rate, 82.25, suggests the Indian rupee is 54.5% undervalued.

The OECD PPP-factor, which obviously uses a wider basket of goods and services has PPF-factor vs. USD as 24.0595 instead.

What about IIT / IIM students who get 1 crore+ international packages?

It is very common to find newspaper headlines about students from prestigious colleges like IIT / IIM getting ₹1 crore+ salaries where the job is offered abroad.

As it is typical for a newspaper headline, this ₹1 crore figure comes by multiplying the CTC (plus bonus if any) with the current USD / GBP / SGD etc. exchange rate. However, that gives a misleading picture since the money is neither earned nor spent in India.

To get the real picture, we need to adjust the salary using the PPP-factor and get a comparable figure like this: ₹1 crore equivalent in USA in US dollars at an exchange rate of ₹83.20/dollar implies a package of around $1,20,192 which in PPP terms is ₹28.9 lakhs. While ₹28.9 lakhs is not a small figure, but it is not as sensational as ₹1 crore.

Country	FX rate	₹1 crore equivalent	in ₹lakhs
United Kingdom	₹103.68	£96,449	15.8
United States	₹83.19	$1,20,214	28.9
Singapore	₹60.99	S$1,63,975	39.1

Similarly for UK and Singapore postings, ₹1 crore CTC comes to ₹15.8 lakhs and ₹39.1 lakhs respectively.

What are the caveats for using PPP to figure out expat salaries?

A PPP figure is calculated on a standard basket of goods and services. If you are looking for a job abroad, you need to understand how different your own consumption basket is different from the standard one. To understand this, you need to use websites for housing, groceries, transport, schooling etc. and calculate your own budget. Indian expat communities on Facebook or other social media sites can help.

Also, PPP is applied to the whole country. Regional variations will always exist due to location e.g high cost of living (HCOL) areas like New York or London vs. say Tulsa or Manchester. You also need to understand the impact of insurance, schooling, daycare and if applicable, the salary reduction due to a stay-at-home spouse.

All in all, a PPP figure should be the basis or anchor of your salary estimation if you are going abroad but requires a good amount of fine tuning.

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